Pleural Effusion
A build-up of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest.
KEY FACTS
- This can cause pressure on your lungs, making breathing difficult.
- A pleural effusion can be a sign of serious illness.
- If the effusion keeps coming back, there are ways to stop it recurring.
What is Pleural Effusion?
Pleural effusion is a condition where fluid gets accumulated in pleural space. Pleural space is the space between lung and the chest wall. It is a potential space with <10ml of pleural fluid normally. When the pleura is diseased or due to some systemic diseases, fluid gets accumulated in the pleural space.
The seriousness of the condition depends on the primary cause of pleural effusion, whether breathing is affected, and whether it can be treated effectively.
Causes of Pleural Effusion
This condition can occur due to various underlying causes and can affect individuals of all ages.
Common causes include:
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
- Lung malignancy
- Heart failure
- Liver failure
Symptoms of Pleural Effusion
The signs and symptoms of pleural effusion may vary depending on the amount of fluid present and the underlying cause.
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Chest pain or discomfort, which may worsen with deep breathing or coughing
- Dry cough
- Fatigue and weakness
Diagnosis and treatment of Pleural Effusion
When evaluating a patient with suspected pleural effusion, our pulmonologist will conduct a thorough physical examination and medical history review. To confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause, additional diagnostic tests may be recommended.
It is usually detected in a chest X-ray and further causes can be identified by aspirating the pleural fluid and subjecting for microbiological and pathological tests. Ultrasound guided aspiration can be done by a pulmonologist and further decision on pleural biopsy needs to be decided based on fluid tests
Diagnostic procedures include:
- Chest X-ray or CT scan
- Thoracentesis
- Blood tests
- Biopsy
Treatment options for Pleural Effusion:
- Thoracentesis or pleural fluid drainage
- Medications
- Pleurodesis
Support and Self-Care
We understand that conditions affecting the lungs can be complex and often require specialized care.
Patient Comfort and Safety
We strive to provide a relaxing environment, ensuring that patients are well-informed and their concerns are addressed.
FAQs
Can pleural fluid analysis diagnose all causes of pleural effusion?
About 50% of patients with pleural effusion, causes can be identified with pleural fluid analysis alone. In remaining 50% of patients, biopsy will be diagnostic and can be useful in guiding further treatment.
Does it require a major surgery for pleural biopsy?
No, it requires a minor procedure called medical thoracoscopy which is done by a Pulmonologist. A small endoscope is introduced into the pleura via a small incision on the chest wall. The procedure is done under mild sedation and it can also be done as a day-care procedure.
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